You don't need a bank to invest in T-bills.
Treasury bills, or T-bills, are a popular investment option for both individuals and corporations. They are low-risk, highly liquid investments that can offer investors a steady stream of income. Banks often also sell T-bills to their customers, but there are several advantages to buying them directly from the U.S. Treasury yourself. Let's learn more about T-bills and how they work.
What are Treasury bills?
The U.S. Government offers investors five types of Treasury securities: Treasury Bills, Treasury Notes, Treasury Bonds, Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS), and Floating Rate Notes (FRNs). These are considered to be very safe investments since they are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, making them a popular choice among investors who want to maximize their return while minimizing risk. Let's look at the details of each.
- Treasury bills are short-term securities with maturities ranging from four weeks to 52 weeks. They are issued at a discount and redeemed for the face value at maturity. In other words, when you buy a T-bill, you pay less than its face value. When it matures, you receive the full face amount.
- Treasury bonds (T-bonds) are long-term securities with maturities of 20 or 30 years. They pay interest semiannually, and the principal is repaid at maturity.
- Treasury notes (T-notes) are intermediate term securities that have maturities of two to 10 years. They also pay interest semiannually, and the principal is repaid at maturity.
- Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS) help protect against inflation, and the principal of a TIPS can go up with inflation or go down with deflation.
- Floating Rate Notes (FRNs) are short-term investments that pay interest every quarter and mature in two years.
Each type of security can be bought and sold in the secondary market from a stock broker, making them highly liquid investments. They also offer investors a variety of different maturities, so it is possible to find one that meets your investment goals and timeline. Here are some of the benefits you get when you buy T-bills directly from the U.S. Treasury.
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1. Lower fees and expenses
When you buy T-bills through your bank, it may charge you additional fees and expenses such as sales commissions or transaction charges. These extra costs can add up over time and eat into your returns on your investment. Buying directly from the U.S. Treasury eliminates these extra charges so you get more of your money back in interest payments each month or quarter.
2. Get the amount you want
There are two ways to buy T-bills: bidding non-competitively and bidding competitively. When bidding non-competitively through TreasuryDirect.gov, you accept the interest rate determined at auction and are guaranteed to get the security you want in the amount you want. To bid competitively, you must work through a bank, brokerage firm, or dealer. When you bid competitively, you choose the interest rate that you want. However, based on the results of the auction, you may not get the T-bill. If you do get it, it may be less than the amount you want. For example, if the rate set at auction is 1.5% but you bid 1.75%, your bid will be rejected.
3. Lower minimums
Some banks may have a higher minimum amount to purchase T-bills. For example, Fidelity, like many other banks and brokerage firms, has a minimum of $1,000. The minimum purchase for purchasing T-bills yourself is $100.
Investing in treasury bills is an attractive way for investors to earn a steady stream of income without taking on too much risk in their portfolios, but it's important to make sure that you're getting the best deal possible when investing in these government securities. For those looking for maximum returns with minimal effort, buying treasury bills directly from the U.S. Treasury has some advantages over going through a bank or other intermediary.
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FAQs
Treasury bills (T-bills) are short-term securities with maturities ranging from four weeks to 52 weeks. By buying directly from the U.S. Treasury, you can avoid paying any extra fees or commissions to your bank. The U.S. Treasury has a $100 minimum to purchase a T-Bill, which is a lower minimum than many banks.
What is the best way to buy T-bills? ›
You can buy them from the government directly, and many buy them through a brokerage, retirement or bank account. Treasury owners pay federal taxes on the investment interest earned but no state or local taxes.
What is the downside to buying T-bills? ›
T-bills pay a fixed rate of interest, which can provide a stable income. However, if interest rates rise, existing T-bills fall out of favor since their return is less than the market. T-bills have interest rate risk, which means there is a risk that existing bondholders might lose out on higher rates in the future.
Can I purchase T-bills through my bank? ›
You can buy (bid for) Treasury marketable securities through: your TreasuryDirect account — non-competitive bids only. a bank, broker, or dealer — competitive and non-competitive bids.
How much does a $1000 T bill cost? ›
To calculate the price, take 180 days and multiply by 1.5 to get 270. Then, divide by 360 to get 0.75, and subtract 100 minus 0.75. The answer is 99.25. Because you're buying a $1,000 Treasury bill instead of one for $100, multiply 99.25 by 10 to get the final price of $992.50.
Should I buy Treasury bills directly? ›
For many people, TreasuryDirect is a good option; however, retirement savers and investors who already have brokerage accounts are often better off buying bonds on the secondary market or with exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Treasury money market accounts also offer more convenience and liquidity than TreasuryDirect.
Can I buy T-bills myself? ›
T-bills sell in increments of $100 up to a maximum of $10 million, and you can buy them directly from the government through its TreasuryDirect website, or through a brokerage, bank or self-directed retirement account, like a Roth IRA.
Is it possible to lose money on a Treasury bill? ›
The No. 1 advantage that T-bills offer relative to other investments is the fact that there's virtually zero risk that you'll lose your initial investment. The government backs these securities so there's much less need to worry that you could lose money in the deal compared to other investments.
What happens when T-bill matures? ›
When the bill matures, you are paid its face value. You can hold a bill until it matures or sell it before it matures.
Why does Warren Buffett buy T-bills? ›
Buffett reportedly prefers T-bills to other options because he never wants to worry about whether or not Berkshire's pile of cash is safely invested. Meanwhile, yields have jumped so much in the past two years that Berkshire is actually earning a pretty penny on this cash hoard.
When you buy T-bills through your bank, it may charge you additional fees and expenses such as sales commissions or transaction charges. These extra costs can add up over time and eat into your returns on your investment.
How to buy T-bills for beginners? ›
For newly issued T-bills, the minimum purchase is $100 and the securities are sold in increments of $100. New issues are sold at auction, and to participate, you must sign up with your broker or at TreasuryDirect.gov.
Do you pay taxes on Treasury bills? ›
Key Takeaways
Interest from Treasury bills (T-bills) is subject to federal income taxes but not state or local taxes. The interest income received in a year is recorded on Form 1099-INT. Investors can opt to have up to 50% of their Treasury bills' interest earnings automatically withheld.
Where is the best place to buy T-bills? ›
One way to buy T-Bills is to go straight to Uncle Sam and open a TreasuryDirect.gov account. This online platform is the federal government's main portal through which it can sell bonds. To open an account, you only need a U.S. address, a social security number, and a bank account.
How do Treasury bills work for dummies? ›
Treasury bills, or bills, are typically issued at a discount from the par amount (also called face value). For example, if you buy a $1,000 bill at a price per $100 of $99.986111, then you would pay $999.86 ($1,000 x . 99986111 = $999.86111). * When the bill matures, you would be paid its face value, $1,000.
What is the smallest T-Bill you can buy? ›
The minimum amount that you can purchase of any given Treasury Bill, Note, Bond, TIPS, or FRNs is $100.
Is it safe to buy T-bills from TreasuryDirect? ›
Treasury securities are considered a safe and secure investment option because the full faith and credit of the U.S. government guarantees that interest and principal payments will be paid on time.
How much does it cost to buy a T bill? ›
Bills at a Glance
| Now issued in | Electronic form only |
|---|
| Interest paid | When the bill matures |
| Minimum purchase | $100 |
| In increments of | $100 |
| Maximum purchase | $10 million (non-competitive bid) 35% of offering amount (competitive bid) (See Buying a Treasury marketable security for information on types of bids.) |
5 more rowsCompared with Treasury notes and bills, Treasury bonds usually pay the highest interest rates because investors want more money to put aside for the longer term. For the same reason, their prices, when issued, go up and down more than the others.
